Post-wrecking history

DateEventDetailSource
1799
6 January
Breaking up the wreckHMS Fearless returns to Scilly with ‘transport ships’ to recover stores etc from the wreck of Colossus. Getting Colossus stores on board the transports takes six days, after which Fearless logs three days of ‘people engaged breaking up the wreck’ADM 61 4015
Fearless Log
1799
20 August
Salvage by diversPayment to Messrs TONKIN & Co for salvage £478/9/11d

Iron guns (39), round shot and gun carriages are recovered by Ralph Tonkin of Penzance using early diving equipment
WO 52 130 
1800
8 May
Theft of Colossus BallastLt Pardoe detains an Irish sloop Tarman and finds two tons of the cast iron ballast from Colossus on board, and a further two in boats alongside. Pardoe claims considerable quantities of ballast have been removed and ‘conveyed from these islands’Morris 1979 p80
1800
2 July
SalvagePayment to Samual TREGARTHEN & Co for salvage £50/13/10d

One iron gun, round shot and a gun carriage are recovered
WO 52 130 
1802
31 March
SalvagePayment to Mess BLUETT & Co for salvage £83/6/6d 

Six iron guns, a Carronade and round shot are recovered.
WO 52 130 
1808
4 June
SalvageOne gun from Colossus recovered by the use of a ‘water glass’, size and type not specifiedRCG 4.6.1808 p3
1833   Salvage by divers John Dean & William Edwards salvage guns and copper sheeting from the wreck of Colossus. They also lose a set of diving weights, which will be recovered by CISMAS in 2019Hampshire Telegraph 4.11.1833 p2
1939Searching for ColossusRoland Morris says he first searched for the wreck of Colossus in 1939 wearing standard-dress diving equipmentMorris 1979      p96 
1950sSearching for ColossusThe ‘archaeologist’ John Dunbar leads a diving expedition to Scilly. They search for the wreck of Colossus on Southward Well Rocks – but find nothingThe Lost Land
Dunbar 1958
1974Colossus foundRoland Morris’ team of divers find wreckage from Colossus. They go on to recover 30,000 sherds of ancient Greek pottery as well as guns, anchors and a great many other objectsMorris 1979 p96
Williams 1980 p54 
1975Designation Roland Morris applied to have the wreck designated under the Protection of Wrecks Act. As with many of the early designations the stated position appears to have been incorrect 
1984Designation revoked Designation revoked after Morris states that ‘there is nothing left to find on the site’. Sporadic salvage continues by local diversMorris 1979      
1992ADUThe Archaeological Diving Unit dive on and around the designated position (1975) but find no evidence of wreckADU report June 2001 (01/13) 
1999 Recovery of objectsTod Stevens recovers objects from the Colossus western debris trail including part of a gun carriage inscribed with the name ColossusADU report June 2001 (01/13) 
2001
5 June
Colossus guns discoveredOn a drift dive Mac Mace finds a row of cannons (which he describes as ‘big bollards’).  North Dorset SAC – David Gilby, Giles Adams, Robin and Sheena Langford, John and Gwyn James -search for and find the site MM had glimpsed(PComms 2001-2021)
  15 JuneSite inspectedMartin Dean, head of ADU dives on the site and talks to most of the ‘key players’ on Scilly. Mac Mace recalls taking him on a tour of the site ADU report June 2001 (01/13)(PComms 2022)
  5 JulyNew site designatedSI 2001 No 2403

The new site is over 600 metres away from the original Morris designation
Survey Report 2001 (PDF)
   AugustSurvey beginsSurvey of the exposed stern timbers begins – initially by photogrammetry then by baseline survey and planning frameSurvey Report 2001 (PDF)
SeptemberStern excavationExcavation at the stern to recover a piece of stern carving (Oscar) undertaken by the ADU & Mac Mace. Time Team film the excavationSurvey Report 2001 (PDF)
2002 
May
Recovery of stern carvingStern carving recovered and transported to holding tank on Tresco. Time team filming againSurvey Report 2002 p21-30 (PDF)
   7 JuneOscar recoveryThe stern carving – Oscar recovered and placed into tank which is then lifted and transported to TrescoSurvey Report 2002 p27 (PDF)
   JuneSurvey The remainder of the exposed wreck is surveyed and recordedSurvey Report 2002 p10-21 (PDF)
2 – 13
September
ExcavationSmall excavation undertaken on the site of the pre-designation trench dug by MM. Extended from the Orlop, through the main gun deck and onto the upper gun deckSurvey Report 2002 p30-41 (PDF)
OctoberTime Team HMS Colossus programme first broadcastA Time Team special is first aired in October showing the attempt to raise the stern carving in 2001 and the successful raising in 2002Time Team website
2003
May
Sediment Level MonitoringRecording of sediment levels around the site beginsStabilisation Trial 2004 p6 (PDF)
Sediment Level Monitoring 2014 (PDF)
2003-5Stabilisation TrialThree different methods of site stabilisation are trialled for a two-year period. In addition, each trial area is monitored for three months using a sub-sea data logger.Stabilisation Trial 2005 (PDF)
2004-5Debris Field SurveyAn extensive geophysical survey is undertaken to determine the extent of the western debris field. The most promising targets are investigated by divers and the results plotted. Documentary history of Colossus undertaken by Robin & Janet Witheridge.Debris Field Survey 2005 (PDF)
2006SurveyExposed timber deterioration recorded and sediment levels recordedSurvey Report 2006 (PDF)
2007SurveyThe exposed timber is inspected. Sediment monitoring points are upgraded to stainless steelSurvey Report 2007 (PDF)
2008Recording & stabilisationA small area at the stern of the wreck is covered with geotextile to protect the exposed timbers. Prior to covering, this area and an adjacent control area are recorded in detail (planning frame survey at a scale of 1:5). This will allow a comparison of the two areas and thus the long-term efficacy of Terram protection of timbers on this site.Stabilisation & Recording 2008 (PDF)
2009
May
Dive TrailA dive trail for visiting divers is installed around the exposed wreckage (nine stations). An underwater guide and supporting web site are also producedColossus Dive Trail 2009 (PDF)
2010
Monitoring surveyThe artefacts exposed on the seabed around the wreck are surveyed and recorded. The aim is to assess the impact of visiting divers on the exposed artefacts.  

When these objects are resurveyed in 2012, there has been little deterioration but many of the objects have moved a surprising distance.
Monitoring Survey 2010  (PDF)



Monitoring & Investigation 2012 p94  (PDF)
2012Dive trail updateThe dive trail markers and sign are renewed, two additional station markers are added and the underwater guide and trail website are updated.Dive Trail Update 2012 (PDF)
2012Monitoring & investigationA small area in the centre part of the wreck is excavated. No structural timbers are disturbed but recording of a lower deck gunport as well as part of the orlop deck are undertaken.

An artefact reburial trial is initiated – artefacts to be recovered after 10 and 25 years’ reburial
Monitoring & Investigation 2012 (PDF)
2014Sediment level monitoringThe sediment level monitoring points are completely replaced with improved, longer monitoring rods. The dive station floats are replaced and an additional dive station added to the dive trail to incorporate a main gun-deck 32lb cannon. New artefacts discovered to the east of the wreckSediment Level Monitoring 2014 (PDF)
2015ExcavationLimited excavation is undertaken to investigate the newly exposed objects to the east of the wreck. A collection of personal items is recovered. Deadeyes and chains, as well as considerable amounts of cordage and rigging, are recorded and sampled. Gun carriage parts with ship’s name recovered. This material is the genesis of the new wrecking theory for ColossusInvestigation 2015 (PDF)
2017Wrecking investigationSystematic seabed searches around the wreck are undertaken, and located artefacts plotted and recorded, to test the new wrecking theoryWrecking Project 2017 (PDF)
2017Virtual dive trailsWeb based virtual site tours of the designated wrecks of Scilly, including a narrated video tour of the Colossus dive trailDesignated Wrecks Interpretation
2019Dive trail refurbishmentThe dive trail is refurbished with new station markers and bottom lines. In addition, two enigmatic lead weights are recovered from the seabed to the east of the wreck – these will eventually be identified as belonging to the early 19th century divers the Dean brothers from their salvage on Colossus in 1833. This is the final piece of evidence in the chain leading to the authentication of the new wrecking theory.Dive Trail Maintenance 2019 (PDF)
2020COVIDNo fieldwork 
2021  SeptemberSurveyCISMAS funded project:

Search of area where Dean weights were found, detailed photography of guns (cardinal views) and sediment monitoring
CISMAS 2021 Scilly Project (PDF)
2022Reburial trial first recoveryRecovery of 10-year reburial objects

Discovery of newly exposed material to north
Colossus Reburial Trial 2022 (PDF)
2023RecordingRecording of the newly-exposed material

Sediment level monitoring
Investigation of the Roland Morris site
Recording 2023 (PDF)
2024April, SeptCatching the Drift
Geophysical survey of the suspected eastern debris field 

CISMAS funded project:
Diving geophys targets, reinvestigating Morris pottery area and timber in western debris field. Rapid assessment of the dive trail. Investigation of iron under gun 1 and the empty gun port 
Catching the Drift 2024 (PDF)

Colossus 2024 (PDF)